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band-20240801
FALSE000151441600015144162024-08-012024-08-01

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549 
___________________________________________________

FORM 8-K
___________________________________________________
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported) August 1, 2024
___________________________________________________
BANDWIDTH INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
___________________________________________________
Delaware001-3828556-2242657
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation)
(Commission
File Number)
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
2230 Bandmate Way
Raleigh, NC 27607
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(800) 808-5150
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
Not Applicable
(Former name or former address, if changed since last report)
___________________________________________________
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
☐Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
☐Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
☐Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
☐Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Class A Common Stock, par value $0.001 per shareBANDNASDAQ Global Select Market
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company   ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. 
☐




Item 2.02 Results of Operations and Financial Condition.
On August 1, 2024, Bandwidth Inc. issued a press release reporting its financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2024. A copy of the press release is furnished as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.
The information furnished with this Item 2.02, including Exhibit 99.1, shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, except as expressly set forth by specific reference in such a filing.

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.
(d) Exhibits
Exhibit No.Description
Bandwidth Inc. press release, dated August 1, 2024
104Cover Page Interactive File (the cover page tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document)



SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
BANDWIDTH INC.
Date: August 1, 2024By:/s/ Daryl E. Raiford
Name:Daryl E. Raiford
Title:Chief Financial Officer
Document


 https://cdn.kscope.io/8e74091f792035e8cbb723be46752411-image1a.jpg

Bandwidth Announces Second Quarter 2024 Financial Results
Revenue of $174 million, up 19% year-over-year
Accelerating profitability, exceeding guidance
Expanding cash flow generation

August 1, 2024
  
Conference Call
Bandwidth will host a conference call to discuss financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2024 on August 1, 2024. Details can be found below and on the investor section of its website at https://investors.bandwidth.com where a replay will also be available shortly following the call.
Raleigh, NC - Bandwidth Inc. (NASDAQ: BAND), a leading global enterprise cloud communications company, today announced financial results for the second quarter ended June 30, 2024.
“We’re pleased to report a very strong first half, making significant progress toward our plan for 2024. In the second quarter, we delivered solid revenue growth while accelerating profitability and cash flow,” said David Morken, CEO of Bandwidth. “Our team’s disciplined approach, coupled with innovative solutions like Maestro and AI Bridge, is driving strong performance in a dynamic market. I am incredibly proud of our Bandmates’ execution and grateful for the trust our customers place in us. As we move forward, we remain focused on delivering exceptional value and transforming the communications landscape.”

Second Quarter 2024 Financial Highlights
The following table summarizes the condensed consolidated financial highlights for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023 ($ in millions).
Conference Call Details
August 1, 2024
8:00 am ET
Domestic dial-in:
844-481-2707
International dial-in:
412-317-0663

Replay information
An audio replay of this conference call will be available through August 8, 2024, by dialing 877-344-7529 or 412-317-0088 for international callers, and entering passcode 9676778.

Investor Contact
Sarah Walas
Bandwidth
919-504-6585
ir@bandwidth.com
Three months ended
June 30,
20242023
Revenue$174 $146 
Gross Margin37 %40 %
Non-GAAP Gross Margin (1)
56 %55 %
Adjusted EBITDA(1)
$19 $11 
Free Cash Flow (1)
$18 $(1)

(1) Additional information regarding the Non-GAAP financial measures discussed in this release, including an explanation of these measures and how each is calculated, is included below under the heading “Non-GAAP Financial Measures.” A reconciliation of GAAP to Non-GAAP financial measures has also been provided in the financial tables included below.

“Bandwidth’s second quarter results underscore our commitment to sustainable, profitable growth. With total revenue reaching $174 million and Adjusted EBITDA up 77% from the prior year, we are performing well across all categories,” said Daryl Raiford, CFO of Bandwidth. “Our strategic investments and disciplined financial management have driven impressive free cash flow and operational efficiency. We are well-positioned to continue this momentum into the second half of the year, further enhancing our financial strength and growth trajectory.”
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Second Quarter Customer and Operational Highlights
•A nationwide provider of medical claims management selected Bandwidth as their exclusive provider for voice calling, valuing our exceptional customer support and the flexibility of our Maestro product to orchestrate and enhance functionality across their platform.
•A prominent provider of healthcare integrated supportive care solutions chose Bandwidth to power its cloud contact center. Our communications cloud reliability and the comprehensive protection offered by our Call Assure product resonated with the customer, ensuring redundancy and safeguarding mission critical communications.
•A trusted provider of business insurance switched to Bandwidth as their sole provider for voice calling. They valued our Advanced Call Routing solution, which offers robust resiliency and redundancy for their contact center traffic, along with our superior back-end reporting tools.
•A well-established customer and provider of communications management software significantly increased their messaging business with us. Our deep industry knowledge and outstanding customer service played pivotal roles in securing this additional business.

Financial Outlook
Bandwidth’s outlook is based on current indications for its business, which are subject to change. Bandwidth is providing guidance for its third quarter and full year 2024 as follows (in millions):
3Q 2024 Guidance
Full Year 2024 Guidance
Revenue
$180 - $184
$710 - $720
Adjusted EBITDA
$18 - $20
$72 - $76
Bandwidth has not reconciled its third quarter and full year 2024 guidance related to Adjusted EBITDA to GAAP net income or loss, because stock-based compensation cannot be reasonably calculated or predicted at this time. Accordingly, a reconciliation is not available without unreasonable effort.

Upcoming Investor Conference Schedule
•Canaccord Genuity Growth Conference in Boston, MA. Presentation by Daryl Raiford, CFO on Wednesday, August 14th at 10:00AM Eastern Time.
•Piper Sandler Growth Frontiers Conference in Nashville, TN. Fireside chat with David Morken, CEO and Daryl Raiford, CFO on Tuesday, September 10th at 10:00AM Central Time.
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About Bandwidth Inc.
Bandwidth (NASDAQ: BAND) is a global cloud communications software company that helps enterprises deliver exceptional experiences through voice calling, text messaging and emergency services. Our solutions and our Communications Cloud, covering 65+ countries and over 90 percent of global GDP, are trusted by all the leaders in unified communications and cloud contact centers–including Amazon Web Services (AWS), Cisco, Google, Microsoft, RingCentral, Zoom, Genesys and Five9–as well as Global 2000 enterprises and SaaS builders like Docusign, Uber and Yosi Health. As a founder of the cloud communications revolution, we are the first and only global Communications Platform-as-a-Service (CPaaS) to offer a unique combination of composable APIs, AI capabilities, owner-operated network and broad regulatory experience. Our award-winning support teams help businesses around the world solve complex communications challenges to reach anyone, anywhere. For more information, visit www.bandwidth.com.
Forward-Looking Statements
This press release includes forward-looking statements. All statements contained in this press release other than statements of historical facts, including, without limitation, future financial and business performance for the quarter ending September 30, 2024 and year ending December 31, 2024, the success of our product offerings and our platform, and the value proposition of our products, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “assume,” “believe,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “guide,” “may,” “will” and similar expressions and their negatives are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and financial trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including, without limitation, risks related to our rapid growth and ability to sustain our revenue growth rate, competition in the markets in which we operate, market growth, our ability to innovate and manage our growth, our ability to expand effectively into new markets, macroeconomic conditions both in the U.S. and globally, legal, reputational and financial risks which may result from ever-evolving cybersecurity threats, our ability to operate in compliance with applicable laws, as well as other risks and uncertainties set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of our latest Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) and any subsequent reports that we file with the SEC. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment. New risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, achievements or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will occur. We are under no obligation to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this press release to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations, except as required by law. You should, therefore, not rely on these forward-looking statements as representing our views as of any date subsequent to the date of this press release.
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
To supplement our condensed consolidated financial statements, which are prepared and presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, or GAAP, we provide investors with certain Non-GAAP financial measures and other business metrics, which we believe are helpful to our investors. We use these Non-GAAP financial measures and other business metrics for financial and operational decision-making purposes and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons. We believe that these Non-GAAP financial measures and other business metrics provide useful information about our operating results, enhance the overall understanding of past financial performance and future prospects and allow for greater transparency with respect to metrics used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making.
The presentation of Non-GAAP financial information and other business metrics is not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for the directly comparable financial measures prepared in accordance with GAAP. While our Non-GAAP financial measures and other business metrics are an important tool for financial and operational decision-making and for evaluating our own operating results over different periods of time, we urge investors to review the reconciliation of these financial measures to the comparable GAAP financial measures included below, and not to rely on any single financial measure to evaluate our business.
We define Non-GAAP gross profit as gross profit after adding back depreciation, amortization of acquired intangible assets related to acquisitions and stock-based compensation. We add back depreciation, amortization of acquired intangible assets related to acquisitions and stock-based compensation because they are non-cash items. We eliminate the impact of these non-cash items, because we do not consider them indicative of our core operating performance. Their exclusion facilitates comparisons of our operating performance on a period-to-period basis. Therefore, we believe that showing gross margin, as adjusted to remove the impact of these non-cash expenses, is helpful to investors in assessing our gross profit and gross margin
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performance in a way that is similar to how management assesses our performance. We calculate Non-GAAP gross margin by dividing Non-GAAP gross profit by cloud communications revenue, which is revenue less pass-through messaging surcharges.
We define Non-GAAP net income (loss) as net income or loss adjusted for certain items affecting period to period comparability. Non-GAAP net income (loss) excludes stock-based compensation, amortization of acquired intangible assets related to acquisitions, amortization of debt discount and issuance costs for convertible debt, acquisition related expenses, impairment charges of intangibles assets, net cost associated with early lease terminations and leases without economic benefit, (gain) loss on sale of business, net (gain) loss on extinguishment of debt, gain on business interruption insurance recoveries, non-recurring items not indicative of ongoing operations and other, and estimated tax impact of above adjustments, net of valuation allowances.
We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income or losses from continuing operations, adjusted to reflect the addition or elimination of certain statement of operations items including, but not limited to: income tax (benefit) provision, interest (income) expense, net, depreciation and amortization expense, acquisition related expenses, stock-based compensation expense, impairment of intangible assets, (gain) loss on sale of business, net cost associated with early lease terminations and leases without economic benefit, net (gain) loss on extinguishment of debt, gain on business interruption insurance recoveries, and non-recurring items not indicative of ongoing operations and other. We have presented Adjusted EBITDA because it is a key measure used by our management and board of directors to understand and evaluate our core operating performance and trends, generate future operating plans, and make strategic decisions regarding the allocation of capital. In particular, we believe that the exclusion of certain items in calculating Adjusted EBITDA can produce a useful measure for period-to-period comparisons of our business.
We define free cash flow as net cash provided by or used in operating activities less net cash used in the acquisition of property, plant and equipment and capitalized development costs for software for internal use. We believe free cash flow is a useful indicator of liquidity and provides information to management and investors about the amount of cash generated from our core operations that can be used for investing in our business. Free cash flow has certain limitations in that it does not represent the total increase or decrease in the cash balance for the period, it does not take into consideration investment in long-term securities, nor does it represent the residual cash flows available for discretionary expenditures. Therefore, it is important to evaluate free cash flow along with our condensed consolidated statements of cash flows.
We believe that these Non-GAAP financial measures provide useful information about our operating results, enhance the overall understanding of past financial performance and future prospects and allow for greater transparency with respect to metrics used by our management in its financial and operational decision-making. While a reconciliation of Non-GAAP guidance measures to corresponding GAAP measures is not available on a forward-looking basis as a result of the uncertainty regarding, and the potential variability of, many of these costs and expenses that we may incur in the future, we have provided a reconciliation of Non-GAAP financial measures and other business metrics to the nearest comparable GAAP measures in the accompanying financial statement tables included in this press release.
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BANDWIDTH INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
2024202320242023
Revenue$173,602 $145,874 $344,635 $283,718 
Cost of revenue108,773 86,919 214,322 169,110 
Gross profit64,829 58,955 130,313 114,608 
Operating expenses
Research and development28,132 24,852 57,044 50,513 
Sales and marketing26,066 25,754 55,205 50,783 
General and administrative16,705 15,868 34,554 32,587 
Total operating expenses70,903 66,474 146,803 133,883 
Operating loss(6,074)(7,519)(16,490)(19,275)
Other income, net9,798 3,782 10,781 16,021 
Income (loss) before income taxes3,724 (3,737)(5,709)(3,254)
Income tax benefit (provision)331 (153)531 2,975 
Net income (loss)$4,055 $(3,890)$(5,178)$(279)
Net income (loss) per share:
Basic$0.15 $(0.15)$(0.19)$(0.01)
Diluted$(0.17)$(0.15)$(0.19)$(0.01)
Numerator used to compute net income (loss) per share:
Basic$4,055 $(3,890)$(5,178)$(279)
Diluted$(5,043)$(3,890)$(5,178)$(279)
Weighted average number of common shares outstanding:
Basic27,079,333 25,555,219 26,786,568 25,502,131 
Diluted29,500,598 25,555,219 26,786,568 25,502,131 

The Company recognized total stock-based compensation expense as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
2024202320242023
Cost of revenue$375 $204 $771 $396 
Research and development4,684 3,315 10,000 6,456 
Sales and marketing2,105 1,428 4,270 2,665 
General and administrative4,196 3,058 8,658 5,866 
Total$11,360 $8,005 $23,699 $15,383 

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BANDWIDTH INC.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
As of June 30,As of December 31,
20242023
Assets
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$62,044 $131,987 
Marketable securities14,399 21,488 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts85,576 78,155 
Deferred costs3,871 4,155 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets15,492 16,990 
Total current assets181,382 252,775 
Property, plant and equipment, net173,400 177,864 
Operating right-of-use asset, net155,484 157,507 
Intangible assets, net155,966 166,914 
Deferred costs, non-current4,800 4,586 
Other long-term assets4,851 5,530 
Goodwill326,220 335,872 
Total assets$1,002,103 $1,101,048 
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$31,933 $34,208 
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities69,256 69,014 
Current portion of deferred revenue7,685 8,059 
Advanced billings4,111 6,027 
Operating lease liability, current3,478 5,463 
Line of credit, current portion40,000 — 
Total current liabilities156,463 122,771 
Other liabilities354 386 
Operating lease liability, net of current portion220,497 220,548 
Deferred revenue, net of current portion8,142 8,406 
Deferred tax liability28,540 33,021 
Convertible senior notes280,660 418,526 
Total liabilities694,656 803,658 
Stockholders’ equity:
Class A and Class B common stock27 26 
Additional paid-in capital418,503 391,048 
Accumulated deficit(70,068)(64,890)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss(41,015)(28,794)
Total stockholders’ equity307,447 297,390 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity$1,002,103 $1,101,048 

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BANDWIDTH INC.
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Six months ended June 30,
20242023
Cash flows from operating activities
Net loss$(5,178)$(279)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
Depreciation and amortization24,714 18,692 
Non-cash reduction to the right-of-use asset2,007 3,242 
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs962 1,485 
Stock-based compensation23,699 15,383 
Deferred taxes and other(4,116)(5,225)
Net gain on extinguishment of debt(10,267)(12,767)
Gain on business interruption insurance recoveries— (4,000)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net of allowances(7,642)3,712 
Prepaid expenses and other assets1,886 (957)
Accounts payable(1,112)(6,171)
Accrued expenses and other liabilities3,968 (12,464)
Operating right-of-use liability(2,020)(3,919)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities26,901 (3,268)
Cash flows from investing activities
Purchase of property, plant and equipment(7,145)(3,859)
Capitalized software development costs(5,843)(5,001)
Purchase of marketable securities(31,096)(40,625)
Proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities38,312 81,233 
Proceeds from sale of business469 835 
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities(5,303)32,583 
Cash flows from financing activities
Borrowings on line of credit65,000 — 
Repayments on line of credit(25,000)— 
Payments on finance leases(44)(90)
Net cash paid for debt extinguishment(128,451)(51,259)
Payment of debt issuance costs(354)— 
Proceeds from exercises of stock options119 413 
Value of equity awards withheld for tax liabilities(2,290)(1,000)
Net cash used in financing activities(91,020)(51,936)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash(608)27 
Net decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash(70,030)(22,594)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period132,307 114,622 
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period$62,277 $92,028 

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BANDWIDTH INC.
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
Non-GAAP Gross Profit and Non-GAAP Gross Margin
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
2024202320242023
Gross Profit$64,829 $58,955 $130,313 $114,608 
Gross Profit Margin %37 %40 %38 %40 %
Depreciation4,678 4,205 9,456 7,734 
Amortization of acquired intangible assets1,941 1,959 3,900 3,904 
Stock-based compensation375 204 771 396 
Non-GAAP Gross Profit$71,823 $65,323 $144,440 $126,642 
Non-GAAP Gross Margin % (1)
56 %55 %56 %54 %
________________________
(1) Calculated by dividing Non-GAAP gross profit by cloud communications revenue of $128 million and $257 million in the three and six months ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and $118 million and $233 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, respectively.
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BANDWIDTH INC.
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)

Non-GAAP Net Income
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
2024202320242023
Net income (loss)$4,055 $(3,890)$(5,178)$(279)
Stock-based compensation11,360 8,005 23,699 15,383 
Amortization of acquired intangibles4,336 4,338 8,697 8,612 
Amortization of debt discount and issuance costs for convertible debt384 474 869 1,036 
Net cost associated with early lease terminations and leases without economic benefit
877 — 2,033 — 
Net gain on extinguishment of debt(10,267)— (10,267)(12,767)
Gain on business interruption insurance recoveries— (4,000)— (4,000)
Non-recurring items not indicative of ongoing operations and other (1)
49 180 129 739 
Estimated tax effects of adjustments (2)
(2,075)(708)(3,443)(3,135)
Non-GAAP net income$8,719 $4,399 $16,539 $5,589 
Interest expense on Convertible Notes (3)
300 317 617 655 
Numerator used to compute Non-GAAP diluted net income per share$9,019 $4,716 $17,156 $6,244 
Net income (loss) per share
Basic$0.15 $(0.15)$(0.19)$(0.01)
Diluted$(0.17)$(0.15)$(0.19)$(0.01)
Non-GAAP net income per Non-GAAP share
Basic$0.32 $0.17 $0.62 $0.22 
Diluted$0.29 $0.16 $0.55 $0.21 
Weighted average number of shares outstanding
Basic27,079,333 25,555,219 26,786,568 25,502,131 
Diluted29,500,598 25,555,219 26,786,568 25,502,131 
Non-GAAP basic shares27,079,333 25,555,219 26,786,568 25,502,131 
Convertible debt conversion2,421,265 3,317,023 2,869,144 3,569,511 
Stock options issued and outstanding28,513 27,413 30,108 60,583 
Nonvested RSUs outstanding1,284,862 — 1,260,376 — 
Non-GAAP diluted shares30,813,973 28,899,655 30,946,196 29,132,225 
________________________
(1) Non-recurring items not indicative of ongoing operations and other include (i) less than $0.1 million and $0.2 million of losses on disposals of property, plant and equipment during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, (ii) $0.1 million of losses on disposals of property, plant and equipment during the six months ended June 30, 2024, and (iii) $0.4 million of expense resulting from the early termination of our undrawn SVB credit facility and $0.3 million of losses on disposals of property, plant and equipment during the six months ended June 30, 2023.
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BANDWIDTH INC.
Reconciliation of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
(In thousands, except share and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
(2) The estimated tax-effect of adjustments is determined by recalculating the tax provision on a Non-GAAP basis. The Non-GAAP effective income tax rate was 15.0% and 2.8% for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively. For the six months ended June 30, 2024, the Non-GAAP effective income tax rate differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% in the U.S. primarily due to the research and development tax credits generated in 2024. We analyze the Non-GAAP valuation allowance position on a quarterly basis. In the fourth quarter of 2022, we removed the valuation allowance against all U.S. deferred tax assets for Non-GAAP purposes as a result of cumulative Non-GAAP U.S. income over the past three years and a significant depletion of net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards on a Non-GAAP basis. As of June 30, 2024, we have no valuation allowance against our remaining deferred tax assets for Non-GAAP purposes.
(3) Non-GAAP net income is increased for interest expense as part of the calculation for diluted Non-GAAP earnings per share.

Adjusted EBITDA
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
2024202320242023
Net income (loss)$4,055 $(3,890)$(5,178)$(279)
Income tax (benefit) provision(331)153 (531)(2,975)
Interest expense, net698 322 65 1,236 
Depreciation7,964 5,460 16,017 10,080 
Amortization4,336 4,338 8,697 8,612 
Stock-based compensation11,360 8,005 23,699 15,383 
Net cost associated with early lease terminations and leases without economic benefit877 — 2,033 — 
Net gain on extinguishment of debt(10,267)— (10,267)(12,767)
Gain on business interruption insurance recoveries— (4,000)— (4,000)
Non-recurring items not indicative of ongoing operations and other (1)
49 180 129 337 
Adjusted EBITDA$18,741 $10,568 $34,664 $15,627 
________________________
(1) Non-recurring items not indicative of ongoing operations and other include less than $0.1 million and $0.2 million of losses on disposals of property, plant and equipment during the three months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, and $0.1 million and $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Free Cash Flow
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
2024202320242023
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities$24,436 $3,086 $26,901 $(3,268)
Net cash used in investing in capital assets (1)
(6,116)(4,314)(12,988)(8,860)
Free cash flow$18,320 $(1,228)$13,913 $(12,128)
________________________
(1) Represents the acquisition cost of property, plant and equipment and capitalized development costs for software for internal use.
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